World Congress on Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry November 12-13, 2018 Dubai, UAE

Chair

Abdu Zakari

Federal University, Nigeria

Co-Chair

Amirah Mohd Gazzali

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Session Introduction

David R K Harding

Massey University, New Zealand

Title: Heating enhancement efficiency of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia applications (anti-cancer theraphy)

Biography:

David Harding (PhD) is a Professor of Chemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. His BSc Honours project study (University of Canterbury, New Zealand) was published and involved triazine derivatives as potential herbicides and/or insecticides. This set a life-long ambition to apply chemistry to bioapplications. He worked for Eli Lilly and Company (UK labs). His activities also involved Elanco. The compounds made were screened widely for bio-application. After gaining a PhD from the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, he returned to NZ. His synthesis and/or bioactivity studies have involved peptide synthesis, purification of bio-actives from various bodily fluids and analysis of the components. He developed the Sulfo-Cope rearrangement and the HCIC (hydrophobic charge induction) technique for purifying genetically engineered chymosin from milk for the then Genencor. He also was involved in the purification of HGH (human growth hormone) and HSA (human serum albumin) for Genentech Inc. His current drug delivery activities include relief of pain in the temporomandibular joints as well as transdermal pain relief. His oral drug delivery programme has expanded to address the problem of gastric nematodes in ruminants.

Abstract:

Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) has been proposed as a potential non-invasive technique for cancer treatment due to its markedly low side effects compared to conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It is based on conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat by super paramagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles (NPs). The current clinical system comprises Fe3O4 NPs coated with aminosilane which has obtained clinical approval in the European Union (2009) and has been tested on patients with prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme. There are however some critical challenges associated with the current clinical system such as low magnetization and low induction heating power (Specific Absorption Rate; SAR) at a biological safe range of induced magnetic field and its non-targeting nature which makes it inapplicable for treatment of deep-seated tumors.

Amirah Mohd Gazzali

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Title: Conjugation technique of peptides through click chemistry approach for drug targeting purposes

Biography:

Amirah Mohd Gazzali is a Junior Faculty Member at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. She has completed her Doctoral study in 2016 and obtained her Doctorate from Université de Lorraine, France. Her research interest is in drug targeting and drug delivery with specific interest in microwave-assisted synthesis and production of drug delivery vehicles. She is enthusiastic in her work as a Lecturer and Researcher and is always looking forward to build connection, to collaborate and to work together with scientists from all over the world.

Abstract:

Statement of Problem: Peptides are short chains of amino acids that have certain advantages in drug research and among them are as targeting molecules in drug delivery. However, the nature of peptides does not allow them to undergo harsh reaction conditions during synthesis and chemical conjugations which could limit their application in drug targeting. This study described a synthesis technique called click chemistry which enabled the conjugation of a peptide with another molecule under a subtle condition with a good yield and short reaction time. Methodology: The prerequisite for click chemistry is the presence of an azide or an alkyne group in the molecules to be conjugated. Peptides are commonly prepared through Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPSS) and one free amino group on the peptide molecule will need to be modified into an alkyne before a click reaction can be done. This modification was carried out at the completion of the SPSS in the solid phase peptide reactor through a series of steps. Immediately, the modified peptide was clicked with a second molecule that has an azide group. This technique is called solid-phase synthesis, which was conducted at room temperature for 72 hours. In addition, this experiment was also conducted in liquid phase synthesis by using protected peptides which was carried out in a microwave reactor proceeded for 60 minutes, also at room temperature. Findings: Following purification by RP-HPLC, both techniques gave the intended product but microwave approach was found to be more efficient (83% yield at 60 minutes as compared to 51% at 72 hours). Conclusion & Significance: This showed that microwave-based click chemistry synthesis approach is useful for the synthesis of peptide conjugates. It could increase the efficiency of the synthesis with a shorter reaction time and subtle reaction conditions. Click chemistry could hence be used in the preparation of peptide-drug complexes to assist in specific delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Omnyah A El-Kharashi

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Title: Simvastatin prevents liver inflammation and fibrosis in acute and sub-chronic biliary obstruction: Immanent anti-inflammatory role of miRNA-122 in cholestatic hepatitis and fibrosis

Biography:

Omnyah A. El-Kharashi has completed her MD Pharmacology from Ain Shams University. She is currently working as an Associate professor in the clinical pharmacology department, faculty of medicine, at Ain Shams University. She has published several international publications.

Abstract:

Background: The mechanism of liver injury and the pathways involved in cholestatic hepatitis and fibrosis differ according to the onset of bile duct obstruction. Aim: We aimed to study the effect of simvastatin on microRNA-122 (miR-122) and High Mobility Group Protein 1 (HMGB1)/ Receptor for Advanced Glycation End product (RAGE)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB)/Tumor Necrosis factor α (TNFα) axis in acute and subchronic cholestatic liver injury. Material & Methods: Liver injury was performed by Bile Duct Ligation (BDL) in Wistar rats. Saline and simvastatin were orally administrated starting one week before BDL. After Portal Pressure (PP) measurement, liver and blood samples were collected and subjected to molecular and histological evaluation in two separate studies; after 72 hours and after 28 days. Results: We found that BDL produced acute inflammatory reaction with deteriorated liver function significantly. After 28 days, the liver fibrosis was evident with marked elevation in PP. The daily oral administration of simvastatin was protective against the occurrence of cholestatic hepatitis and fibrosis. This was evident from the results of PP measurements, biochemical parameters and histological examination. Simvastatin induced a significant increase in the expression of miR-122 compared to the untreated group which resulted in suppression of HMGB1/RAGE, NFκβ/TLR9/TNFα inflammatory pathway. Conclusion: We thought that simvastatin interference with the HMGB1 inflammatory pathway through enhancement of miRNA-122 expression could have a potential protective effect on the liver in biliary obstruction.

Asmaa M Elshaer

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Title: Early Lactobacillus Plantatrum admistration amolerates the histological changes induced by thiacetamide in rat's liver through inhibition of cxcl9/tlr4 pathway

Biography:

Asmaa M Elshaer has completed her MD Pharmacology from Ain Shams University. She is currently working as an Associate professor in the clinical pharmacology department, faculty of medicine, at Ain Shams University. She has published several international publications.

Abstract:

Background: The gut-liver axis is gaining attention as a key mechanism responsible for the development, progression and fate of cirrhosis. From the previous findings, we supposed that CXCL9/TLR4 may be one of the possible inflammatory pathways which are involved in this pathological process. Objectives: In the present study we aimed to examine the early and late administration of Lactobacillus plantatrum (L. plantatrum) on the effect of early and late hepatic changes induced by Thioacetamide (TAA). The role of CXCL9/TLR4 pathway in the developing and the progression of cirrhosis were also investigated. Material & Methods: Forty eight (48) male Wister rats were used and divided equally into two main groups. Group-1, subdivided into naïve, L. plantatrum, TAA and TAA+L. plantatrum (introduced after 2 weeks of TAA for 4 weeks). Group-2 was subdivided into naïve, L. plantatrum, TAA and TAA+L. plantatrum (introduced after 8 weeks of TAA for 4 weeks). Liver function, serum α fetoprotein, CXCL9 and TLR4 were measured. Histological and immunohistochemistry studies were also performed. Results: TAA induced histological changes with deterioration of liver function starting from 6th week of administration. TAA induced significant increase in liver enzymes and serum α fetoprotein. The histological examination revealed cirrhotic nodules, proliferation of bile duct, portal vein congestion. Moreover, hepatocyte nuclei were usually large with prominent nucleoli and high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. A significant increase in collagen fibers and PCNA positive nuclei were also noticed. The PCR showed significant increase in CXCL9 and TLR4 expression starting after the 6th week and continued till the animal scarification in Group-2 after 12 weeks. While L. plantatrum significantly ameliorated these pathological changes when administrated after 2 weeks of TAA, it failed to recover the biochemical and histological changes when administrated after 8 weeks of TAA. Conclusion: Administration of TAA induced disturbance of gut microbiota which activated CXCL9 /TLR4 pathway yielding in biochemical and histological changes in the liver. These pathological changes were ameliorated with the early administration of L. plantatrum

Dalia Alaa El-Din Aly El-Waseef

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Title: A highlight on CD4+ T-cells in the spleen in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis and possible therapeutic effect of omega-3: Histological and immunofluorescence study

Biography:

Dalia Alaa El-Din Aly El-Waseef has completed her MD Histology from Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt. She is currently working as a Lecturer in the Department of Histology and Cell Biology, at Ain Shams University. She has published several international publications and one published book in the field of histology

Abstract:

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a primary chronic articular disease with wide range of extra-articular and systemic effects. The spleen is one of the most affected organs in RA. CD4+ T cells play an important role in initiation, maintenance and control of the disease. Aim: This work was designed to study the histological changes occurring in the spleen in a rat model of RA and to assess the effect of treatment with omega-3, with special refer to the role of CD4+ T-cells. Materials & Methods: Thirty (30) male albino rats were equally divided into control group and RA group. RA was induced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). Samples were taken after two and four weeks of the CFA injection. Treatment with omega-3 (300 mg/kg/day in a single, daily oral dose) started two weeks after the injection and continued for another two weeks. Spleen specimens were collected at the appropriate times (for each RA group and its corresponding control group) and processed to get paraffin blocks. Sections were then stained for histological and immunofluorescence studies. Results: Both, early and progressive RA induced noticeable structural changes in the spleen. Thickened capsule and trabeculae, marked congestion of the blood sinusoids of the red pulp were evident. Expansion of the white pulp and areas of mononuclear cellular infiltration were seen, especially in progressive RA. Affection of blood vessel walls was also evident. Immunofluorescence study showed extensive expression of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies especially in progressive RA. Treatment with omega-3 significantly improved the structure of the spleen as evident by both histological and immunofluorescence studies. Conclusion: Omega-3 treatment ameliorated the structural damage of the spleen caused by experimental induction of RA.

Chair

S L Nasa

President, Indian Hospital Pharmacists Association, India

Co-Chair

Amirah Mohd Gazzali

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Session Introduction

Abdu Zakari

Federal University, Nigeria

Title: In vivo evaluation of antimalarial properties of Myosortis Scorpioides L. (Boraginaceae) extract in albino mice using P. Bergei

Biography:

Abdu Zakari is currently a Visiting Research Fellow at the department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat - Oman. He is among the pioneer staff of the Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere in Gombe State – Nigeria. He has published 12 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Ground crude sample of Myosortis scorpioides L was extracted with hot methanol in a Soxhelet extractor and evaporated in a Rotary evaporator. The extract was screened for the presence of secondary metabolites, tested for the median lethal dose (LD50) and antimalarial efficacy using Swiss albino mice. Objectively, the research was to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity (hence the practically safe dose) and three model antimalarial investigation (prophylactic, curative, and suppressive tests) of the plant extract. The result of the phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and anthraquinones. The extract was found to be very toxic to the mice (LD50 = 2,828.43mg/Kg), which guided the choice for practically safe dose in the antimalarial evaluations. The result of the suppressive test (early malaria infection) showed a significant % suppression compared to the control with values of 49.91%, 56.72%, and 65.63% for the doses 100mg/ kg, 150mg/kg, and 250mg/kg respectively. The result of the prophylactic (residual malaria infection) tests showed a significant level of inhibition compared to the control (43.22%, 52.45%, and 85.70%) for the three doses as above. The curative (established malaria infection) tests also showed a significant level of parasite suppression compared to the control with % suppression of 66.73%, 70.20%, and 73.96% for the doses 100, 150, and 250mg/kg respectively. Plasmodium berghei (a protozoan parasite) was used in this study to investigate the efficacy of the plant under investigation as remedy to malaria disease. Currently the isolation of pure compounds from the plant extract is nearing completion which will be followed by spectroscopic analysis and in vitro antiplasmodial studies of the pure compounds at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat – Oman. The result has justified the use of Myosortis scorpioides L as remedy to malaria infection by the traditional medicine practitioners in Adamawa State Nigeria.

Doaa Ibrahim

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Title: : Possible impact of Dapagliflozin on micro RNAs regulation and cell apoptosis in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Biography:

Doaa Ibrahim Mohamed has completed her M.D. degree in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, from Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt. She is currently working as a Lecturer in Department of Pharmacology-Faculty of Medicine, at Ain Shams University. She has published several international publications.

Abstract:

Drug-Induced Kidney Injury (DIKI) is a serious complication associated with higher probabilities of developing progressive chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal diseases. Understanding the molecular disarrangement caused by DIKI would pave the way for a new class of therapeutics to relieve the damage. Yet, another approach to ameliorate DIKI is identifying sensitive and specific biomarkers that outperform the current diagnostic approach like serum creatinine and facilitate early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs are increasingly being recognized to have a regulatory role in gene expression and signaling pathways thereby making them novel therapeutic targets. Kidney function, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers, miRNAs expression in serum and renal biopsies were examined in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity Dapagliflozin (DAPA) was found to improve kidney function, oxidative stress markers, decrease apoptosis of renal tubular cells and regulate certain miRNAs expression, indicating protective effect against Gentamicin (GNT) induced nephrotoxicity.

Sara Hamzeh

University of Montreal, Canada

Title: A novel role of cannabinoids in synaptogenesis

Biography:

Sara Hamzeh holds a masters’degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Univerity of Montreal in Canada with a Thesis and has extensive experience with multinational Pharmaceutical companies. She has knowledge and familiarity of different types of industries (Healthcare, Veterinary, Pharmaceutical and Medical). She has been a member of many organizations such as the PDA, Parenteral Drug Association Chapter of Canada.

Abstract:

Synapses play a major role in signalling transduction in the nervous system. They display extensive activity-driven plasticity during development, learning and memory. Here we have explored a new role of endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptor in synapse formation, remodelling, and maintenance. Endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptors have been known to regulate neurotransmitter release at the level of the synapse and have also been implicated in several developmental events. Recently, it was reported that endogenous cannabinoids decrease functional synapses in pyramidal neurons. We show here that endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptors regulate the dendritic and axonal filopodia formation (synapse precursors) and synaptogenesis in embryonic mouse cortical cultures. Stimulating the cortical cultures with synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, arachidonyl-2’-chloroethylamide (ACEA), showed a significant decrease in filopodia number at DIV8, and subsequently a lower synaptic contact density at DIV10 compared with the control group. On the other hand, inhibiting the action of endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptors by the inverse agonist AM251 or by the pure antagonist O2050 increases filopodia density at DIV8, and elevates synaptic density formation at DIV10 . Furthermore, we found that this increase was reversed when cultures were pre-treated with H89, KT5720 (both inhibitors of Protein Kinase A(PKA)) or DCCfb antibody, (an antibody which blocks the function of Deleted in Colorectal Cancer Receptor). Interestingly, a decrease of DCC receptors present at the surface of the neurons was observed when treated with ACEA. Conversely, an increase of DCC was observed when CB1 receptors were inhibited by AM251 or O2050 and this effect was prevented when neurons were pretreated using H89, KT5720.This confirmes the previous observations showing that the activation of adenylate cyclase and PKA pathway produced a netrin-1-DCC dependant increase in synaptogenesis. In order to verify the putative link between cannabinoid and netrin-1 systems, we performed in vitro experiments on primary cortical neurons obtained from dcc knockout mouse embryos. In the absence of the DCC receptor, the inverse agonist AM251 and the antagonist O2050 showed no increase in axonal and dendritic filopodia, or synapse density confirming a connection between the two systems in the underlying mechanisms of synapse formation. We propose that endocannabinoids acting on their CB1 receptors, decrease cytosolic cAMP concentration and inhibit PKA. This blocks the recruitment of the DCC receptor to the membrane surface and therefore, inhibits the action of netrin-1 regulating synaptogenesis. In this study, we show that an interplay between the endogenous cannabinoids and the DCC / netrin-1 pathway regulates synapse formation during neural development. These findings indicate a profound role of endogenous cannabinoids and a breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms implicated in synaptogenesis.

Chair

S L Nasa

President, Indian Hospital Pharmacists Association, India

Co-Chair

Amirah Mohd Gazzali

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Session Introduction

Abdu Zakari

Federal University, Nigeria

Title: In vivo evaluation of antimalarial properties of Myosortis Scorpioides L. (Boraginaceae) extract in albino mice using P. Bergei

Biography:

Abdu Zakari is currently a Visiting Research Fellow at the department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat - Oman. He is among the pioneer staff of the Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere in Gombe State – Nigeria. He has published 12 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Ground crude sample of Myosortis scorpioides L was extracted with hot methanol in a Soxhelet extractor and evaporated in a Rotary evaporator. The extract was screened for the presence of secondary metabolites, tested for the median lethal dose (LD50) and antimalarial efficacy using Swiss albino mice. Objectively, the research was to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity (hence the practically safe dose) and three model antimalarial investigation (prophylactic, curative, and suppressive tests) of the plant extract. The result of the phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and anthraquinones. The extract was found to be very toxic to the mice (LD50 = 2,828.43mg/Kg), which guided the choice for practically safe dose in the antimalarial evaluations. The result of the suppressive test (early malaria infection) showed a significant % suppression compared to the control with values of 49.91%, 56.72%, and 65.63% for the doses 100mg/ kg, 150mg/kg, and 250mg/kg respectively. The result of the prophylactic (residual malaria infection) tests showed a significant level of inhibition compared to the control (43.22%, 52.45%, and 85.70%) for the three doses as above. The curative (established malaria infection) tests also showed a significant level of parasite suppression compared to the control with % suppression of 66.73%, 70.20%, and 73.96% for the doses 100, 150, and 250mg/kg respectively. Plasmodium berghei (a protozoan parasite) was used in this study to investigate the efficacy of the plant under investigation as remedy to malaria disease. Currently the isolation of pure compounds from the plant extract is nearing completion which will be followed by spectroscopic analysis and in vitro antiplasmodial studies of the pure compounds at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat – Oman. The result has justified the use of Myosortis scorpioides L as remedy to malaria infection by the traditional medicine practitioners in Adamawa State Nigeria.

Doaa Ibrahim

Ain Shams University, Egypt

Title: Possible impact of Dapagliflozin on microRNAs regulation and cell apoptosis in Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Biography:

Doaa Ibrahim Mohamed has completed her M.D. degree in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, from Ain Shams University, Cairo-Egypt. She is currently working as a Lecturer in Department of Pharmacology-Faculty of Medicine, at Ain Shams University. She has published several international publications.

Abstract:

Drug-Induced Kidney Injury (DIKI) is a serious complication associated with higher probabilities of developing progressive chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal diseases. Understanding the molecular disarrangement caused by DIKI would pave the way for a new class of therapeutics to relieve the damage. Yet, another approach to ameliorate DIKI is identifying sensitive and specific biomarkers that outperform the current diagnostic approach like serum creatinine and facilitate early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs are increasingly being recognized to have a regulatory role in gene expression and signaling pathways thereby making them novel therapeutic targets. Kidney function, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers, miRNAs expression in serum and renal biopsies were examined in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity Dapagliflozin (DAPA) was found to improve kidney function, oxidative stress markers, decrease apoptosis of renal tubular cells and regulate certain miRNAs expression, indicating protective effect against Gentamicin (GNT) induced nephrotoxicity.

Sara Hamzeh

University of Montreal, Canada

Title: A novel role of cannabinoids in synaptogenesis

Biography:

Sara Hamzeh hold a masters’degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Univerity of Montreal in Canada with a Thesis and have extensive experience with multinational Pharmaceutical companies. She has knowledge and familiarity of different types of industries (Healthcare, Veterinary, Pharmaceutical and Medical). She has been a member of many organizations such as the PDA, Parenteral Drug Association Chapter of Canada.

Abstract:

Synapses play a major role in signalling transduction in the nervous system. They display extensive activity-driven plasticity during development, learning and memory. Here we have explored a new role of endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptor in synapse formation, remodelling, and maintenance. Endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptors have been known to regulate neurotransmitter release at the level of the synapse and have also been implicated in several developmental events. Recently, it was reported that endogenous cannabinoids decrease functional synapses in pyramidal neurons. We show here that endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptors regulate the dendritic and axonal filopodia formation (synapse precursors) and synaptogenesis in embryonic mouse cortical cultures. Stimulating the cortical cultures with synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, arachidonyl-2’-chloroethylamide (ACEA), showed a significant decrease in filopodia number at DIV8, and subsequently a lower synaptic contact density at DIV10 compared with the control group. On the other hand, inhibiting the action of endogenous cannabinoids and their CB1 receptors by the inverse agonist AM251 or by the pure antagonist O2050 increases filopodia density at DIV8, and elevates synaptic density formation at DIV10 . Furthermore, we found that this increase was reversed when cultures were pre-treated with H89, KT5720 (both inhibitors of Protein Kinase A(PKA)) or DCCfb antibody, (an antibody which blocks the function of Deleted in Colorectal Cancer Receptor). Interestingly, a decrease of DCC receptors present at the surface of the neurons was observed when treated with ACEA. Conversely, an increase of DCC was observed when CB1 receptors were inhibited by AM251 or O2050 and this effect was prevented when neurons were pretreated using H89, KT5720.This confirmes the previous observations showing that the activation of adenylate cyclase and PKA pathway produced a netrin-1-DCC dependant increase in synaptogenesis. In order to verify the putative link between cannabinoid and netrin-1 systems, we performed in vitro experiments on primary cortical neurons obtained from dcc knockout mouse embryos. In the absence of the DCC receptor, the inverse agonist AM251 and the antagonist O2050 showed no increase in axonal and dendritic filopodia, or synapse density confirming a connection between the two systems in the underlying mechanisms of synapse formation. We propose that endocannabinoids acting on their CB1 receptors, decrease cytosolic cAMP concentration and inhibit PKA. This blocks the recruitment of the DCC receptor to the membrane surface and therefore, inhibits the action of netrin-1 regulating synaptogenesis. In this study, we show that an interplay between the endogenous cannabinoids and the DCC / netrin-1 pathway regulates synapse formation during neural development. These findings indicate a profound role of endogenous cannabinoids and a breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms implicated in synaptogenesis.

Amer Al Madidy

Jumeira University/ College of Health Sciences

Title: Bioorganic overview of safe drinking water in UAE

Biography:

Almadidy has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Mississippi State University, appointed as a faculty member at international Universities; the University of Toronto, University of Massachusetts and Mississippi State University. Dr. Almadidy had several research projects in affiliation with Stanford University, LG Caltex Oil Corporation and KAM Biotechnology.Currently, Dr. Almadidy is the Director of the College of Health Sciences and Associate Professor. at Jumeira University He has published about 19 papers in reputed journals and has been a Keynote Speaker in international conferences.           

Abstract:

Drinking water or alternatively called potable water is water that is safe to drink or to use at home for various purposes f such as food preparation, washing, and irrigation. Typically in UAE, tap water meets drinking water quality standards. General criteria for safe Drinking Water (SDW) are tasteless, odorless, and colorless. In this review we aim to provide information about the characteristics of safe drinking water in UAE, identify the causes of water pollution, the treatment process of both waste water and water from natural resources, as well as, water and sustainability projects in the UAE. Using secondary data sources, we’ve found that UAE’s water characteristics are classified into three main categories which are: Physical, chemical and biological characteristics that describe UAE’s water using standards and parameters. In addition, it was found that pollutants can affect both ground water and surface water. The main sources of groundwater contamination are septic tanks effluents, over-pumping of wells, and agricultural activities. On the other hand, the main causes of marine water contamination are increased population and development which lead to increased wastes dumping in water, sediment dredge and fill operations and atmospheric deposition of pollutants. Wastewater treatment in UAE is illustrated by giving Al-Ruwais waste water treatment plant as an example in where wastewater undergoes screening, aeration, multiple types of filtration and disinfection to produce water suitable for    irrigation and some industrial activities. For domestic purposes, water is pretreated, desalinated then enriched with essential minerals. It was found also that UAE has many projects to ensure sustainability as using clean renewable resources for water desalination, harnessing resulting brine to produce salts, completely relying on treated wastewater for industrial and agricultural activities, and projects for  decreasing irrigation water demands and carbon footprints as Badia Farms and Porous Alpha technology. Finally, we recommend using an integrated water protection system where water is protected and controlled in catchments, treatment plants and distribution systems.